Components
The basic building blocks used across the projects — how they work, how to wire them, and where to buy them.
LED (Light-Emitting Diode)
A diode that emits light when current flows the right way through it.
Resistor
Limits current and divides voltage. Its value is printed in colored bands.
Breadboard
Solderless prototyping board — push components in, rearrange freely, no soldering.
Jumper Wires
Flexible pre-made wires for breadboard and module connections.
Push Button (Momentary Switch)
A tactile switch that connects only while you hold it down.
Potentiometer
A knob that varies resistance — read its position as an analog input.
Piezo Buzzer
Makes beeps and tones straight from a digital pin.